2、替代能源的成本将决定石油价格的上限。当石油价格高于替代能源成本时,消费者将倾向于使用替代能源。而节能将使世界石油市场的供需矛盾趋于缓和。目前各国都在大力发展可再生能源和节能技术,这势必将对石油价格的长期走势产生影响。目前原油需求方面的数据主要看美国、中国、欧洲等国家及地区的用油需求量,如工业产出月率、制造业PMIValue, etc.
因素二:原油供给,影响供给的因素主要包括世界石油储量,石油供给结构以及石油生产成本。
1Oil supply must be based on oil reserves. In the past few decades, the proven reserves of world oil resources have been continuously increasing. However, due to the non renewability of oil resources, the International Energy Agency predicts that world oil production will be2020The peak was reached before the year, and the global oil supply gradually entered a phase of decline.
2The supply characteristics of the world oil market also have a significant impact on oil supply. At present, the main suppliers of the world oil market include the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)And nonOPECcountry.OPECHaving the vast majority of the world's proven oil reserves, its production and pricing policies have a significant impact on global oil supply and prices. rather thanOPECThe state primarily exists as a price taker, adjusting production based on prices.
3、石油生产成本也将对石油供给产生影响。石油作为一种不可再生能源,其生产成本会影响生产者跨时期的产量配置决策,进而影响到市场供给量,间接地引起石油价格波动。目前供给上的影响主要通过美国EIACrude oil inventoryAPIQuantify the impact of crude oil inventory and the production of some major international oil exporting countries on data.