Kelly: People with intellectual humility are able to see their cognitive limitations and biases, and are more concerned with the truth of things than believing they are right. They are better at distinguishing between true and false news.
Why do some people believe in conspiracy theory and false news more than others? What is causing this? Is it their political views and religious beliefs? Is it a lack of formal education? Is it more related to their age, gender, or socio-economic background? A recently published study shows that more important than all of these factors is another characteristic: to what extent does a person have - or do not have - intellectual humility(intellectual humility)。 Intellectual humility can be understood as a personality trait that is willing to see cognitive limitations and biases in oneself, openly admit mistakes, and more concerned with understanding the truth of things rather than firmly believing that one is right. There is a sentence that embodies this spirit well, and people usually think it is (perhaps not) John Maynard Keynes(John Maynard Keynes)When the facts change, I change my thoughts - what about you, sir The author of this research report, Marco Mayer(Marco Meyer)And Mark Alfano(Mark Alfano)He is a scholar specializing in social epistemology (an interdisciplinary of philosophy and psychology). They found in their research that people with this virtue are better at distinguishing between true and false news. They believe that having intellectual humility is a better indicator of a person's ability to resist fake news compared to other factors they have studied. In another study published last year, Mayer and Alfano found 'cognitive deficits'（epistemic vice(i.e., lack of intelligence and humility) and belief in false news of COVID-19, the correlation coefficient is0.76。 Next is religious piety, with a moderate correlation coefficient0.46。 Although they did find a weak correlation between intelligence (measured by exam results, education level, and cognitive response test performance) and belief in false information, they stated that there was no correlation between intelligence and intellectual humility. At the University of Hamburg(University of Hamburg)If you have a high IQ, you may actually be more likely to believe in some false information because you are more likely to have the ability to rationalize what you believe, "said Myer, who works. He stated that intellectual humility" is a very important factor that can almost counteract the role of intelligence. You may think that such virtues are almost impossible to measure, but Mayer and Alfano's research shows that self-reported intellectual humility is quite effective. This self-report allows research subjects to evaluate the extent to which they agree with certain statements, such as' I often hold strong opinions on questions I don't quite understand '. Other studies have shown a positive correlation between self reporting and intellectual humility reported by others, with the former being seen as a more accurate indicator. You may also be worried that, considering that there are too many liberals in academia, the examples used in these studies will be biased towards right-wing false information or conspiracy theory. But the two researchers stated that they carefully designed the problem to ensure balance. In the case of COVID-19's false information, when they asked the subjects their opinions, they chose the fields with wide controversy, such as baking mobile phones can effectively kill viruses, rather than the fields with more intense controversy, such as the effectiveness of masks and blockades, or the origin of viruses. The importance of intellectual humility lies not only in preventing the spread of false information. Other studies have found that it is related to the so-called 'mastery behavior'(mastery behaviour)——For example, choosing challenging jobs and continuing to persist after failure - related to less political 'our bias'(myside bias)of However, this quality is not easy to cultivate. A recent study has shown that repeatedly exposing students to their mistakes - such as engaging them in "prediction tournaments" - may be effective. I have previously advocated that,TwitterSocial media platforms should set up a "challenger mode" so that we can come into contact with viewpoints we don't usually see; Another approach may be to adopt a method called 'Iron Man'(steelmanning)The approach, this word may be attributed to blogger Chana Messinger(Chana Messinger)Created. She referred to it as the art of expressing others' opinions in the best possible form, even if it is not what the other person is expressing "- that is, with the" scarecrow "(straw-man)relative. Of course, there is a limit to intellectual humility: if exceeded, it becomes self indulgence, which may make us hesitate. Managing a country - or even writing a column - requires a certain level of conviction, sometimes it means pretending to be something and hoping for the best outcome. So we should also cultivate other qualities, such as courage and the ability to take action. But the key is to create an environment that rewards skeptical attitudes and praises those who are willing to admit their mistakes. Saying 'I was wrong' and explaining its reasons is often more valuable than insisting that 'I was right'. |
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